Cabin tents are designed to allow you more space inside of the tent to move around and typically have a higher center height than a dome tent.
Paythebill pretty much covered the main difference. I'd add that you'll want a dome tent in rougher weather conditions. Cabin tents tend to be flatter on top, which is obviously not good in a storm. Cabin tents are preferable in my experience, outside of bad weather anyway.
Tent fabric isn't under pressure, so it can be thinner. This means that a collision or poke is more likely to damage a tent than a dome. An obvious difference, but air-supported structures can be much larger that tents. While tents can get pretty big, generally speaking, domes are much larger than typical tents.
The difference between a dome tent and a cabin tent is the shape of the walls. Cabin tents have vertical walls, creating more space inside than dome tents. Dome tents have sloping walls which are better at dealing with strong wind but provide less space.
I told the difference, but I forgot to mention other types of tents, which can be very useful. I can tell you from experience that if you go camping and decide to roast meat, you have to consider what rain can ruin your cooking. My friend suggested me a way out of this situation, this is a canopy tent website. It protects very well from rain, and if there are chairs, then rain or hail is not a hindrance at all to sit in the fresh air, fry meat and look at nature.
Cabin tents, as opposed to dome tents, have nearly vertical walls. This gives them the appearance of a cabin, hence the name. They're made to give you more room to move around inside. In fact, many cabin tents are tall enough to allow you to stand up straight and walk around in them. So it really comes down to personal preference.
The difference between a dome tent and a bungalow tent is in their construction and functionality. The dome tent is usually hemispherical in shape and easy to assemble and disassemble. It is good for camping outdoors, especially if you are traveling by car. On the other hand, a bungalow tent (cabin tent) has a more square shape and taller walls, which allows it to create more living space. It can also have additional features such as sleeping compartments or storage space. Cabin tents are usually better suited for family camping or longer trips.
